fileutils
Copyright (C) 1994, 95, 96 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies.
Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one.
Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Foundation.
̿ϼ̴: ʺڿ ⺻ Ͽ ϱ õ ʴ´. , ̰ ִٸ, ϴ ϶. GNU ü ü ̴.
Please report bugs to `fileutils-bugs@gnu.ai.mit.edu'. Remember to include the version number, machine architecture, input files, and any other information needed to reproduce the bug: your input, what you expected, what you got, and why it is wrong. Diffs are welcome, but please include a description of the problem as well, since this is sometimes difficult to infer. See section `Bugs' in GNU CC.
This manual is based on the Unix man pages in the distribution, which were originally written by David MacKenzie and updated by Jim Meyering. Fran@,{c}ois Pinard did the initial conversion to Texinfo format. Karl Berry did the indexing, some reorganization, and editing of the results. Richard Stallman contributed his usual invaluable insights to the overall process.
ɼ α ο ̿ ϴ. (, GNU α ɼ ؾ Ѵ). α ͺٴ, ϰڴ.
GNU α ( cp
, install
, ln
,
mv
) ϱ .
ɼ Ѵ. Ư α ȿ
ɼ Ͽ ϱ Ѵ.
SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX
ȯ
. SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX
ʾҴٸ, ⺻
Emacs `~'̴.
VERSION_CONTROL
ȯ .
VERSION_CONTROL
ʾҴٸ, ⺻
`existing'̴.
ɼ Emacs `version-control' ġѴ; method
Emacs Ƶδ. Ǯ Ī
ִ. ȿ method (Ư ڵ Ƶδ):
ڰ Ͽ ִ ϴ 㰡(permission) ִ. 㰡 (access mode) θ. ȣ ڷ װ͵ Ÿ ִ.
ڰ Ͽ ִ 㰡 ִ:
Ͽ ۾ ϱ ٸ 㰡 ִ η ڵ ִ:
ű ֿ οȴ. ִ
̸ ϴ 丮 , ü,
ü, پϴ.
ֿ chown
chgrp
ɾ ٲ ִ.
Ͽ 㰡 Ͽ, 㰡 Ư Ҹ ִµ, ִ (α), ý۰ 丮 ģ.
ɺ (symbolic mode) ǿ ȭ ȣ
۾ν Ÿ. װ͵ ǿ Ǵ κ,
umask
Ͽ ϵ
Ѵ(see section Umask ȣ).
ɺ :
[ugoa...][[+-=][rwxXstugo...]...][,...]
̾ ܶ ɺ ڿ ٸ Ѵ.
㰡 ⺻ ɺ ڰ б, , ϱ 㰡 ߰, , ϴ ̴. ̴ :
users operation permissions
κ ̴; ɺ .
users κ Ͽ ȭų ش. װ ϳ Ǵ ̻ ӵ ڷ (Ǵ ִ; Ͼ Ͽ ؼ, see section Umask ȣ). ϳ ̻ ־ٸ, ϴ ߿ ʴ.
u
g
o
a
operation κ Ͽ ٲٴ ָ, ϳ:
+
-
=
permission κ Ͽ ٲ ϴ ش; 0 Ǵ ̴̻. users κп ־ , ̻ ־ ߿ ʴ. permissions κ ߸ `=' ڿ ִµ, Ư usersԸ Ͽ ο ʴ´.
r
w
x
, ο а 㰡 ο ϱ 㰡 ο ʱ ؼ, ̷ ϶:
a=rw
ֿʹ ٸ ڷκ 㰡 ϱ ؼ, ̷ ϶:
go-w
ְ ٿ ġ , ٸ ڵ аų ִ ο ġ ʴ´.
ָ ο ۾ ִ 㰡 ʱ ؼ, Ʒ 带 ϶. ٸ ڵ, ϴ 丮 㰡 ִٸ, ̴.
go=
üȭϴ ٸ :
og-rxw
㰡 㰡 ִ. ̰ Ϸ, `r', `w', Ǵ `x' ڸ ϴ , `u', `g', Ǵ `o' ϶. ,
o+g
쿡 ڿ 㰡 ٸ ڵ Ͽ 㰡 ߰Ѵ. Ƿ, 664(`rw-rw-r--') ٸ, 666(`rw-rw-rw') ٲ ̴. 741(`rwxr----x')̾ٸ, 745(`rwxr--r-x') ٲ ̴. `-' `=' ڵ ϰ Ѵ.
б, , 㰡 ϴ Ϳ ߰, Ư 㰡 ִ. ̷ 㰡鿡 , See section 㰡 .
־ ID ϴ 㰡 Ϸ, ɺ users κп `u' ϰ permissions κп `s' ϶.
־ ID ϴ 㰡 Ϸ, ɺ users κп `g' ϰ permissions κп `s' ϶.
ӽ ġ ϱ 㰡 Ϸ, ɺ users κп `o' ϰ permissions κп `t' ϶.
α ID 㰡 ߰Ϸ, 带 ִ:
u+s
ακ ID 㰡 ID 㰡 Ϸ, 带 ִ:
ug-s
α ӽ ġ ϵ ϰ Ϸ, 带 ִ:
o+t
Ư 㰡 ִ ϵ鿡, ýۿ ߰ 丮 (丮 ۾ ýۿ ٸ ǹ̸ Ѵ; see section 㰡 ) ģٴ ϶. ɺ users κп `a' Ư 㰡 ġ ʴ´; Ƿ,
a+s
. Ư 㰡 ġ ؼ `u', `g', `o' ؾ Ѵ. , `u+t', `g+t', `o+s' .
`=' ڵ Ư 㰡 ʴ; :
o=t
ӽ ġ ϵ , 쿡 ڵ ۾ б, , 㰡 Ѵ.
ɺ 㰡 Ư ִ: `x' `X' Ѵٸ, 㰡 ̹ 㰡 ְų 丮 ģ. ̴ ó 㰡 ϰ ʾҴ 丮 㰡 ģ.
, :
a+X
ϱ (Ǵ 丮 ˻ϱ ) 㰡, ϳ ߴٸ, ڿ 㰡 ش.
ɺ δ ͺ ϴ (see section 㰡 ). ǿ ϴ Ѵ.
ù ° ɺ 忡 users κ ڿ operation permissions κ ϴ ̴.
, :
og+rX-w
ֿʹ ٸ ڿ б 㰡 ְ, װ 丮̰ų ٸ ̹ ű 㰡 ִٸ, 鿡 㰡 ش; 鿡 װͿ 㰡 ʴ´. װ ְ Ͽ ǿ ġ ʴ´.
og+rX og-w
ϴ.
ϴ ° ϳ ̻ ܼ ɺ 带 ϴµ, ǥ . , :
a+r,go-w
ο б 㰡 ָ ָ ȸ ڸ 㰡 Ѵ. ٸ :
u=rwx,g=rx,o=
Ͽ Ư 㰡 Ѵ. (װ ȿ ڿ 㰡 ʴ´.)
ȥ ִ. :
a+r,g+x-w
ڵ鿡 б 㰡 ָ, 쿡 ϴ ڵ鿡 װ ϱ 㰡 , ű 㰡 Ѵ´. 带 ٸ ִ; ٸ ϳ:
u+r,g+rx,o+r,g-w
ɺ users κ Ѵٸ, ⺻ `a' Ǵµ
( ڿ ģ), ý umask
㰡 ʴ´ Ѵٸ . umask
umask
ɾ Ͽ ִ. ⺻ ý۵鸶 پϴ.
ɺ users κ ϴ Ϲ `+' ̿
ڸ ؼ ʴ. `+' ڸ ϴ
umask
Ͽ ǵߴ ͺ 㰡 ʵ
ִ ȣμ ϵ ϱ ̴.
μ, umask
2 , 쿡 ʴ
ڵ鿡 㰡 ϴ ̶, :
+w
Ͽ ֿ 쿡 ϴ ٸ ڿ 㰡 ߰, ڿԴ ʴ. , :
a+w
umask
ϰ, ڿ Ͽ 㰡
ش.
㰡 16Ʈ ȴ. ɺ 带 ִ ٸ ϳ ν, ǥ ´ 8 ڸ ִ. ڴ 8 ؼȴ; C ϴ ó տ 0 ߰ ʿ . 0055 55 ϴ.
̿ شϴ ɺ 庸 ª, 㰡 ٴ κ̴; θ ִ.
, 쿡 ϴ ٸ , Ͽ 쿡 ʴ ڿ 㰡 3Ʈ ϴµ, ڸ 8 ǥѴ. Ư 㰡 1Ʈ ϰ, ٸ ڸ 8 ǥܴ. 16Ʈ ȿ Ʈ ϴ , Ʈ Ѵ:
شϴ 㰡 쿡 ʴ ٸ : 1 2 4 б : 10 20 40 б : 100 200 400 б Ư 㰡: 1000 ӽ ġ ؽƮ ̹ 2000 ־ ID ϱ 4000 ־ ID ϱ
, 4755 ɺ `u=rwxs,go=rx' شϸ, 664 ɺ `ug=rw,o=r' شѴ. 0 ɺ `ugo=' شѴ.
츮 ð , , ϰ Ī̸ ̿ ̰ ־ ð ϼ ְ ϻϴ Ұϰ Ѵ. , 츮 ϻ Ȱ ϴ ·κ Żϴ Ұϰ ϱ 츮 ð 뿹 ǵ ߴٸ, ״ 츮 ü踦 ŭ ̴. װ ̰ų ٸ , ǥϴ ϰ , ξ, ϰ ǥ ϴ . 츮 ϰų, ϰ ϴ ϰ ϴ ʹ 츮 ð ü ϰ, 츮 ð Ѵ.
... װ ġ డ ̴ Ʈ, ̴ ͷ, ̴ ϴ ó; ۾ ټ ٸ 䱸ϴ ó Ѵ. 쿡 츮 ̳ ϿϷκ ֿ ų ̷ ȥ 鿩 ٴ ϵ ƴϴ. ...
--- Robert Grudin, ð .
κ GNU α ϴ ؽƮ ¥ ǥ Ѵ. ̵
پ α ڷ ִ ڿ̴. (getdate
Լ
) C ̽ ʾҴ.
¥ A.D. 0 ð ǥ , ǻ () ð ũ ʴ. Unix ü迡 Ǵ ǹִ ̸ ¥ 1970 1 1 UCT ̴.
date , ϴ ϴ ڿ̴. ڿ ( , ) ǹѴ. ߿ ʴ. ¥ ڿ Ư ִ:
츮 ̷ ؿ Ѵ.
ڸ κ ƿ ܾ ִ. ̴ ̳ ϴ ִ. ִ: `first' 1, `next' 2, `third' 3, `fourth' 4, `fifth' 5, `sixth' 6, `seventh' 7, `eighth' 8, `ninth' 9, `tenth' 10, `eleventh' 11, `twelfth' 12 Ų. , `last' Ȯ -1 ǹѴ.
̷ , "ϰ " ſ, װ ڷ ֵȴ; ̴ Ƶ鿩 ڿ ٲ۴.
ĺ ҹ δ ¥ õȴ. ּ ȣ ̿, ȣ ڸ ִ , ߰ ִ. տ õȴ. 0 õȴ.
¥ Ϸ縦 Ѵ. ڷ ߴ ڷ ߴ , ٸ ȴ. ڿ Ų:
1970-09-17 # ISO 8601. 70-9-17 # ⸦ ⺻ Ѵ. 70-09-17 # 0 õȴ. 9/17/72 # ̱ 24 September 1972 24 Sept 72 # 9(September) Ư ڸ ִ. 24 Sep 72 # ڴ ȴ. Sep 24, 1972 24-sep-72 24sep72
ִ. , ̰ų, ƹ ͵ ٸ δ. :
9/17 sep 17
Ģ ִ.
ڷ ǥõ , ISO 8601 `year-month-day' ϴµ, year ̸, month 01 12 ̰, day 01 31 ̴. ڰ 10 ۴ٸ 0 ݵ ־ Ѵ. year 100 ۴ٸ, ¥ ű 1900 Ѵ. ̱ `month/day/year' ȴ. ϰ `month/day' ȴ.
ڷ ǥõ ʰ ǥ ִ: `January', `February', `March', `April', `May', `June', `July', `August', `September', `October', `November' Ǵ `December'. ڷ ǥõ װ ù ڷ , ǥ ִ. `September' `sept' ȴ.
ڷ , ¥ ε ִ:
day month year day month month day year day-month-year
Ǵ, ϰ:
month day
¥ ڿ ȿ Ϸ ð ־ ð Ѵ. , ̵ ΰ ð ǥѴ:
20:02:0 20:02 8:02pm 20:02-0500 # EST ( ̱ ǥؽ)
Ϲ ϸ, Ϸ ð `hour:minute:second' , hour 0 23 ̰, minute 0 59 ̸, second 0 59 ̴. ̷ , `:second' , װ 0 Ѵ.
`am'̳ `pm' ð ڿ ٴ´ٸ, hour 1 12 ϴ ϸ, `:minute' ִ (0 Ѵ). `am' Ϸ ó Ű, `pm' Ϸ Ų. ǥ, 12 1 ̴: midnight `12pm' noon `12am'̴.
ð ڿ ð , `shhmm' ǥǸ, s `+' Ǵ `-', hh ð , mm ð ̴. ð ̷ ־ , װ ð UTC ؼϰ ϸ, ð볪 ð뿡 overrideѴ. Ϸ ð minute κ ð õ ִ. ̴ 1ð Ϻκиŭ ð ϴ ̴.
`am'/`pm'̳ ð ϳ , ÿ .
ð ð븦 ϸ, ڵ Ų. Ե Ⱓ õȴ. ð ̸ ڸ Ѵ. , ð ð ð ǥ ִ. ð ؼ ܶ .
ϱ ð ƴ ð밡 , ð ð εǾ ִ.
DST(Daylight Savings Time: ϱ ð) ð밡 , ð ð εǾ ִ. и (, ణ и) ܾ DST ƴ ð ڿ `DST' μ, DST ð밡 ִ.
Ϸ Ȯ ¥ (ʿϴٸ) ̷ ϰ ̴.
öڷ ִ: `Sunday', `Monday', `Tuesday', `Wednesday', `Thursday', `Friday', Ǵ `Saturday'. ù ڷ , Ⱓ ִ. Ư `Tues' (`Tuesday' ), `Wednes' (`Wednesday' ), `Thur' `Thurs' (`Thursday' ) ȴ.
ڰ Ϸ տ پ ָŭ ̵ų ִ. װ `third monday' Ŀ δ. ̷ Ȳ, `last day' Ǵ `next day' Ƶ ִ; װ͵ day ȥڼ ǥϴ κ ̳ ķ ̵Ų.
ǥ õȴ.
¥ (Ǵ ƹ ͵ ־ ʾҴٸ, ¥) Ǵ ڷ Ѵ. ȿ ȴ. ִ:
1 year 1 year ago 3 years 2 days
ð ̵ ڿ `year' Ǵ `month' ִ. ̵ Һи ̸, ̴ ̳ Ȱ Ⱓ ǹ ʱ ̴. Ȯ 14 ǹϴ `fortnight', 7 ǹϴ `week', 24ð ǹϴ `day', 60 ǹϴ `hour', 60ʸ ǹϴ `minute' Ǵ `min', 1ʸ ǹϴ `second' Ǵ `sec'̴. ̻ `s' Ƶ õȴ.
ð տ ȣ , ȣ ִ ڷ ִ. ȣ ڴ ȣ Ű ȴ. ڰ ȣ 1 ǹѴ. ڿ ڿ `ago' -1 ȣ տ ٴ Ͱ .
ڿ `tomorrow' ̷ Ϸ縦 ǹϸ (`day' ), ڿ `yesterday' Ϸ縦 ǹѴ (`day ago' ).
ڿ `now' Ǵ `today' 0 ð ̵ ̸, ̷ ڿ 0 ð ̵, ٸ ٲ , ð ǥѴٴ Ƿκ ̴. װ͵ ٸ ϱ `12:00 today'ó ִ. ڿ `this' 0 ð ̵ , `this thursday' ¥ ڿ δ.
DST DST ƴ (Ǵ ݴ ) 踦 dzʴ ¥ , ô ð ȴ.
Ȯ ؼ ¥ ڿ ƿ Ѵ.
ڰ yyyymmdd ¸ ٸ ¥ (see section ¥ ) ¥ ڿ ʴ´ٸ, ¥ yyyy , mm ڷ, dd Ϸ .
ڰ hhmm ¸ ٸ Ϸ ð ¥ ڿ ʴ´ٸ, Ϸ ð hh Ϸ ð, mm ð . mm ִ.
¥ Ϸ ð ¥ ڿ ʿ ٸ, ڴ overrideѴ.
getdate
Steven M. Bellovin (`smb@research.att.com') Chapel Hill ִ
North Carolina п ִ getdate
ߴ. ڵ带 ߿
Usenet ִ ߰, Rich $alz (`rsalz@bbn.com') Jim
Berets (`jberets@bbn.com') 1990 8 ߴ. David
MacKenzie, Jim Meyering, ٸ GNU ý پ
.
Fran@,{c}ois Pinard (`pinard@iro.umontreal.ca') `getdatd.y' ҽ ڵκ , K. Berry (`kb@cs.umb.edu') ߴ.
ls
ɰ װ dir
vdir
ϸ,
Ͽ Ѵ.
ls
: 丮 Ѵ
ls
α (丮 ) Ͽ
Ѵ. ɼǰ ڴ ó Ӱ ȥսų ִ.
丮̸ ɼ ƴ ڿ ؼ, ls
⺻ 丮
ʰ ϸ, .
ϴ ̸ Ѵ.
ٸ ɼ ƴ ڿ ؼ, ls
⺻ ̸
Ѵ. ɼ ƴ ڸ ʴ´ٸ, ls
丮 Ѵ.
⺻, ĺ ĵȴ. ǥ ̶̳, (η Ͽ) Ѵ; , ٴ ϳ Ѵ.
ls
⺻ α̱ , ɼ ־.
װ Ѵ; ȿ, ɼ (ҹڸ )
ĺ ߴ. ɼ , ̴
ɼ ls
۾ κ ̻ ֱ ̴.
`-g' ɼ Ƶ ϸ, ̴ Unix ȣȯ ؼ̴. section ɼ .
ɼ ls
Ͽ Ѵ. ⺻,
ls
ٿ ִ ϰ 丮 ش.
ɼ ls
ϴ ģ. ⺻, ls
̸ ش.
//DIRED// beg1 end1 beg2 end2 ...begN endN ¿ ̸ ۰ Ʈ ġ ϴ ȣ ̴. ̴ Emacs ̸ ã ϸ, ̳ ڿ ڸ ϴ ̸ ã Ģ ˻ ã Ѵ. 丮 (
-R
) ǰ ִٸ, ε丮
ڿ Ѵ:
//SUBDIRED// beg1 end1 ...
ls
GNU ⺻̹Ƿ, ȣȯ ɼ
Ѵ.)
POSIXLY_CORRECT
Ǹ, (`-k' ɼ ־ ʴ ) 512Ʈ δ.
blocks ϵ ũ ̴; ̴ Ͱ.
㰡 ɺ Ծ ϴ (see section ɺ ).
ls
Ʈ 㰡 ° ڿ
Ѵ:
ls
ٸ ȣȯ ȴ.
POSIXLY_CORRECT
Ǿ ִٸ, `-k' ɼ ־ ʴ
512Ʈ δ (see section Ϲ ȭ).
HP-UX ü迡 BSD ü NFS Ʈ Ͽ , ɼ ùٸ ũ
ũ⸦ Ѵ, HP-UX ü迡, BSD üκ NFS Ʈ ϵ鿡
װ ùٸ ũ ũ⸦ Ѵ. ̴ HP-UX ̴; װ
HP-UX ls
α ģ.
ɼ ls
ϴ ϴ Ѵ. ⺻,
ڵ ( , ASCII ) Ѵ.
ɼ 翡 ش.
ls
⺻̴.
ls
⺻̴. dir
d
α ⺻̴.
date
⺻ ϴ; ̸ ٲ , ¥ ڿ
cut
date -d
ѱ ִ.
See section `date ߵ' in Shell utilities.
̴ ð ϱ ִ. (Unix ü
ʱ ð ϹǷ, ɼ ű ִ
ִ ̴.) , ̴ ٽ ʴ
Makefile ִ.
POSIXLY_CORRECT
overrideѴ.
ls
ȿ , ¿ Ѵ.
cols 0̶, ʴ´.
COLUMNS
Ǿ ִ 쿡
̸ ; ʴٸ ⺻ 80̴.
ɼ ̸ ϴ ٲ۴.
dir
: 丮 Ѵ
dir
(d
ε ġȴ) ls -C
ϴ; ,
⺻ ٷ, η Ͽ ȴ.
See section ls
: 丮 Ѵ.
vdir
: Ȳϰ 丮 Ѵ
vdir
(v
ε ġȴ) ls -l
ϴ; ,
⺻ ȴ.
dircolors
: ls
dircolors
ls
( dir
) ̳
ϴ ɾ Ѵ.
Ϲ :
eval `dircolors [option]... [file]`
file ϸ, dircolor
İ Ȯڿ
ϱ װ д´. , ̸ ϵ ͺ̽
δ. ̷ ϵ Ŀ ؼ,
`dircolors --print-database' ϶.
LS_COLORS
ȯ ϱ ɾ̴. ٿ
, dircolos
SHELL
ȯ κ ̴.
α ɼ Ƶδ. section ɼ .
SHELL
ȯ Ǿ ְ
`csh' `tcsh' ⺻̴.
SHELL
csh
Ǵ tcsh
⺻̴.
⺻ : , ̵ (̸ ٲٱ), () Ѵ
cp
: ϰ 丮 Ѵ.
cp
(Ǵ , 丮) Ѵ. 纻
̴. ٸ ϰų,
丮 ִ. :
cp [option]... source dest cp [option]... source... directory
ڰ 丮 Ѵٸ, cp
source
( ̸ Ͽ) 丮 Ѵ. ʰ, ϸ
־ٸ, cp
ι° Ѵ. ڰ
丮 ƴϸ ̻ ɼ ƴ ڰ ־ٸ ̴ ߸̴.
Ϲ, װ ڸ δ. ܿ ؼ, `--sparse' ɼ .
⺻, cp
丮 ʴ´. ( `-r' .)
cp
ڱ ڽ ϴ ź,
ܸ : `--force --backup' source
dest ϰ, Ųٸ, cp
Ϲ ʹ, Ǵ ڰ Ű
̴ (see section ɼ).
α ɼ Ƶδ. section ɼ .
cp
ų 纻 . See section ɼ.
cp
must be the name of an existing directory.
For example, the command:
(1 ). cp
־ ڴ 丮 ̸̾
Ѵ.
, :
cp --parents a/b/c existing_dir`a/b/c' `existing_dir/a/b/c' ϸ鼭, ߰ 丮 Ѵ.
cp
Ƹ FIFO б⸦ ߰
( ٸ װ ϴ Ͼ ʴ ).
cp
Է ϰ
ϰ .
when ϳ ִ:
dd
: ϰ ȯѴ
dd
(⺻, ǥ Էκ ǥ ) ִ
I/O ũ⸸ŭ ϸ, ϴ װͿ ȯ
Ѵ. :
dd [option]...
α ɼ Ƶδ. section ɼ .
ѱ ɼ (bytes blocks) ڿ ȣ ִ:`b'=512, `c'=1, `k'=1024, `w'=2, `xm'=m.
dd
file 0 Ʈ (Ǵ `seek=' ũ)
߶.
dd
Ȧ Ʈ
ٸ Ͱ ٸ ۵Ѵ--- Ʈ ̴ (װͰ
ٲ ƹ ͵ ̴.)
install
: ϰ Ӽ Ѵinstall [option]... source dest install [option]... source... directory install -d [option]... directory...
̵ ó, source dest Ϸ ȴ. ι°, source directory ȴ. , directory .
install
cp
, Ӽ ϵ
Ѵ. install
ü Makefile α 丮
δ. install
ڱ ڽ ϴ
źѴ.
α ɼ Ƶδ. section ɼ .
install
Unix ȣȯ .
install
װ θ 丮 Ӽ οѴ. (̴ SunOS 4.x
install
ٸ, SunOS װ 丮 ⺻ Ӽ
οѴ.)
chmod
ó ɺ , μ 0 δ
(see section 㰡). ⺻ 0755---ֿ б, , ,
б, ̴.
install
Ư ִٸ (root ), ġ ̳
丮 owner Ѵ. ⺻ root
̴.
owner ̸̳ ڷ ID ִ.
mv
: ű ( ̸ ٲ۴)
mv
̳ 丮 űų װ ̸ ٲ۴. :
mv [option]... source dest mv [option]... source... directory
ڰ 丮 Ųٸ, mv
־ ̸ Ϸ 丮 ű. ʰ,
ϸ ־ٸ, mv
ù° ̸ ι°
̸ ٲ۴. ڰ 丮 ƴϸ, ̻
־ٸ ̴ ߸̴.
mv
ϸ ٸ ü ʸӷ ̵ų ִ.
Ⱑ Ұϰ, ǥ Է
̸̳, `-f' Ǵ `--force' ɼ ־ ʴ´ٸ,
mv
ڿ ο Է¹´.
( ϰų, 丮 㰡 ־
.) `y' `Y' , .
α ɼ Ƶδ. section ɼ .
rm
: ̳ 丮 Ѵ
rm
־ file Ѵ. ⺻, 丮
ʴ´. :
rm [option]... [file]...
Ⱑ Ұϰ, ǥ Է ̸̳, `-f'
`--force' ɼ ־ ʰų, `-i' Ǵ `--interactive'
ɼ ־ٸ, rm
ڿ ο
Է¹´. `y' `Y' ʴ´ٸ,
.
α ɼ Ƶδ. section ɼ .
rmdir
ſ unlink
ϰ, 丮 װ
unlinkϱ 䱸 ʴ´. Ư
Ѵ. ̴ 丮 unlinkϴ Ǵ 丮
Ǵ ʷϱ ̸, ̸ Ŀ ü踦
fsck
ϴ ϴ.
`-' ϴ ϴ ̴.
GNU rm
, ٸ α ڸ ؼϴ
getopt
Լ ϸ, `--' ɼ Ͽ ڴ
ɼ ƴ϶ Ű Ѵ. 丮 ִ `-f'
̸ ϱ ؼ:
rm -- -f
Ǵ:
rm ./-f
Unix rm
α `-' ϳ ̷ ϴ
getopt ǥ predateѴ.
Ư ɾ rmdir
, Ư
ϳ 丮 ) Ѵ.
Unix ü ٸ ͵鿡 ε巯 Ư ұϰ, ȭ Ʈ 帧 . , ϰų , ý ؾ ϸ, 丮---Ư --- Ѵ. ȣ ִٸ 丮 Ϸμ ұϰ, ý ۾ ϱ ؼ Ʈ , 䱸ؾ Ѵ. Ƿ װ "Ư" ̴.
丮 ܿ, ٸ Ư (FIFO), ɺ ũ, Ư ̷ Ҹ Ѵ.
ln
:
ln
ϵ ̸ Ѵ. ⺻, ln ϵ ũ(hard link)
; `-s' ɼ ִٸ, װ ɺ (Ǵ Ʈ)
ũ(symbolic(soft) link) . :
ln [option]... source [dest] ln [option]... source... directory
ڰ 丮 Ųٸ, ln
source 丮 ̸ Ϸ Ѵ.
( `--no-dereference' ɼ .) ϳ
ϸ ־ٸ, 丮 Ѵ. ,
ϸ ־ٸ, ù° ι° Ϳ Ѵ. ڰ
丮 ƴϸ ̻ ־ ʴ´ٸ ̴ ߸̴. ⺻,
ʴ´.
ϵ ũ Ͽ ٸ ̸̴; ũ . (δ, inode ϸ, inode Ͽ ´---Ƿ, inode ̶ ϴ Ʋ ʴ´.) , 丮 ؼ ϵ ũ , ϵ ũ ü 踦 . (, ̷ POSIX ƴϴ.)
ݸ鿡, ɺ ũ(ڷ symlink) Ư ε ( Ŀ ʴ´; Ư, System V 3 ü symlink ) ̷ ũ δ ٸ ̸ Ѵ. κ ۾(, б, ) ɺ ũ , Ŀ ڵ ũ ϰ ũ ǥ ۾Ѵ. ۾( , ) ǥ ũ ڽſ ۿȴ. See section `ɺ ũ' in GNU C library.
α ɼ Ƶδ. section ɼ .
ln
丮 Ͽ ũ ȿ ִ. ݸ鿡,
丮 ƴ ---ɺ ũ ڽ ִ. 쿡,
ln
ũ ɺ ũ ų ؾ Ѵ.
⺻ 丮 ɺ ũ 丮 ϴ ̴.
mkdir
: 丮
mkdir
̸ 丮 . :
mkdir [option]... name...
name ̹ 丮 Ѵٰ ص, ̴ ߸ ƴϴ;
mkdir
ܼ ۾Ѵ. name ̸
丮 ƴ϶, mkdir
Ѵ.
α ɼ Ƶδ. section ɼ .
chmod
ȣ̸ 0777 (б, , ο )
umask Ʈ Ѵ. See section 㰡.
mkfifo
: FIFO (̸ )
mkfifo
FIFO( ̸ Ҹ) ̸
. :
mkfifo [option] name...
FIFO ǻ ϴ μ ϴ Ư ̴. μ FIFO , ٸ ϳ б µ, ڿ ʹ ̳ ٸ ó 带 ִ.
α ɼ Ƶδ. section ɼ .
chmod
ȣ̸, 0666 (б ⸦ ο ) umask Ʈ
Ѵ. See section 㰡.
mknod
: ̳ Ư
mknod
FIFO, Ư , Ǵ Ư ̸
. :
mknod [option]... name type [major minor]
"Ư " ʹ ٸ, Ư н
ǹ: ϰų ִ ̶ ǹ̸ Ѵ.
̴ ϵ Ϻο شѴ. ( Ϲ ý
.) mknod
ɾ ̷ ϵ
̴. ġ ѹ Ǵ ""( ڵ)
Ƿ, 츮 Ư ϰ Ư ϵ ִٰ Ѵ.
name ڵ Ѵ:
Ǵ Ư , ġ ȣ ġ ȣ ־ Ѵ.
α ɼ Ƶδ. section ɼ .
chmod
ȣ̸, 0666 (б ⸦ ο ) umask Ʈ
Ѵ. See section 㰡.
rmdir
: 丮 Ѵ
rmdir
丮 Ѵ. :
rmdir [option]... directory...
directory ϳ 丮 Ű ʴ´ٸ, ̴ ߸̴.
α ɼ Ƶδ. section ɼ .
See section rm
: ̳ 丮 Ѵ, 丮 () ϴ .
װ , ̸, (see section Ư ) ̷缭 ƴϴ. (userid), (group id), 㰡 (ְ Ͽ ִ , ִ , ٸ ΰ ִ ), پ ð , ٸ ִ. Ƽ, 츮 ̰͵ Ӽ̶ θ.
Ӽ ٲ۴.
chown
: ֿ ٲ۴
chown
־ Ǵ ٲ۴. :
chown [option]... new-owner file...
ɼ ƴ ù new-owner Ǵ ( ʰ) Ѵ:
[owner] [ [:.] [group] ]
Specifically:
chown
chgrp
Ѵ.
α ɼ Ƶδ. section ɼ .
lchown
ý ȣ Ǿߐ ̿ ִ.
chgrp
: ٲ۴
chgrp
־ file group ٲٴµ,
group ̸ Ǵ group id ִ. :
chgrp [option]... group file...
α ɼ Ƶδ. section ɼ .
lchown
ý ȣ Ǿߐ ̿ ִ.
chmod
: 㰡 ٲ۴
chmod
ȣ ϵ 㰡 ٲ۴. :
chmod [option]... mode file...
chmod
ɺ ũ 㰡 ٲ ʴµ, chmod
ý ȣ װ͵ 㰡 ٲ ̴. ̰ ɺ ũ
㰡 Ƿ ʴ´. , ٿ
ɺ ũ , chmod
Ű 㰡 ٲ۴.
, chmod
丮 ̵ ȿ ɺ ũ
Ѵ.
ù ɼ ƴ mode 㰡 Ѵ. ڼ 뿡 ؼ ܶ ÿ.
α ɼ Ƶδ. section ɼ ÿ.
touch
: ð ٲ۴
touch
/ ð ٲ۴. :
touch [option]... file...
ù file `-t' ȿ ̰, `-d', `-r', Ǵ `-t' ɼ Ͱ ð ־ `--' ڰ ־ ʴ´ٸ, ڸ ٸ ̸ ſ ϵ鿡 ð ؼѴ.
ٰ ð ٸ ٲ۴ٸ, touch
װ ڰ
㰡 ִ Ͽ ð ٲ ִ.
, ڴ ؾ Ѵ.
α ɼ Ƶδ. section ɼ .
touch
BSD ȣȯ .
ũ ٵ .
ũ 뷮 Ǵ ̿ Ѵ. (̰
α ǰ ʹ ;
װͿ ؼ, ps
pstat
, swap
, Ǵ
ɾ ̴.)
df
: ü ũ 뷮 Ѵ
df
reports the amount of disk space used and available on
filesystems. Synopsis:
df [option]... [file]...
With no arguments, df
reports the space used and available on all
currently mounted filesystems (of all types). Otherwise, df
reports on the filesystem containing each argument file.
Disk space is shown in 1024-byte blocks by default, unless the
environment variable POSIXLY_CORRECT
is set, in which case
512-byte blocks are used (unless the `-k' option is given).
If an argument file is a disk device file containing a mounted
filesystem, df
shows the space available on that filesystem
rather than on the filesystem containing the device node (i.e., the root
filesystem). GNU df
does not attempt to determine the disk usage
on unmounted filesystems, because on most kinds of systems doing so
requires extremely nonportable intimate knowledge of filesystem
structures.
The program accepts the following options. Also see section ɼ.
df
ü迡 ũ ̿ ũ
Ѵ. :
df [option]... [file]...
ڰ ٸ, df
Ʈ ( ) ü迡
ũ ̿ ũ Ѵ. ,
df
file ϴ ü迡 ؼ Ѵ.
ȯ POSIXLY_CORRECT
ʴ , ⺻ ũ
1024Ʈ ָ, 쿡 `-k' ɼ ־
ʴ 512Ʈ .
file Ʈ ü踦 ϴ ũ ġ,
df
ġ 带 ϴ ü迡 ( ,
Ʈ ü) (Ʈ) ü迡 ̿ ش.
GNU df
Ʈ ü迡 ũ 뷮 Ϸ
õ ʴµ, κ ü ϴ ü
ſ , 谡 ĸ 䱸ϱ ̴.
α ɼ Ƶδ. section ɼ .
POSIXLY_CORRECT
overrideѴ.
sync
ý ȣ ߵ ʴ´.
̴ df
ũ ýۿ ϰ
, ý (Ư SunOS) ణ ȿ Ⱓ
ִ. ̴ ⺻̴.
sync
ý ȣ ߵѴ. ý
(Ư SunOS), ̷ ϴ ֽ ϰ , Ϲ
ɼ Ư ü質 ſ ٻ ü谡 , df
ξ Ѵ.
df
System V ȣȯ .
du
: 뷮 Ѵ
du
Ͽ , (丮 ڿ ؼ)
ε丮 ؼ ũ Ѵ. :
du [option]... [file]...
ڰ ٸ, du
丮 ũ Ѵ. ȯ
POSIXLY_CORRECT
ʴ , 1024Ʈ
ϸ, 쿡 (`-k' ɼ ־ ʴ ) 512Ʈ
.
α ɼ Ƶδ. section ɼ .
POSIXLY_CORRECT
overrideѴ.
HP-UX ü迡 BSD ü NFS Ʈ Ͽ , ɼ ùٸ ũ
ũ⸦ Ѵ, HP-UX ü迡, BSD üκ NFS Ʈ ϵ鿡
װ ùٸ ũ ũ⸦ Ѵ. ̴ HP-UX ̴; װ
HP-UX du
α ģ.
sync
: ũ ȭŲ
sync
ȿ ũ . ̴
ۺ, inode, б ⸦ ִ
( ̰Ϳ ѵ ƴϴ). ۾ ųο Ǿ Ѵ;
sync
α sync
ý ȣ ϴ ϰ
ƹ ͵ ʴ´.
Ŀ ( ) ũ б ⸦ ϱ
Ѵ. ̴ Ű, ǻͰ 浹ϸ ǵǰų
ü谡 ջ ִ. sync
ũ ٴ Ѵ.
ȥ ִ `--help' `--version' ɼ ϰ ڰ õȴ. (see section ɼ).
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touch
ȣȯ
getdate
ls
du -k
override
ls -k
override
ls -s
override
df -k
unlink
cp
df
du
csh
sh
ln
mv
rm
du
du
ls
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