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The Free Software Foundation Inc. thanks The Nice Computer Company of Australia for loaning Dean Elsner to write the first (Vax) version of as for Project GNU. The proprietors, management and staff of TNCCA thank FSF for distracting the boss while they got some work done.

Copyright (C) 1991, 92, 93, 94, 95, 1996 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions.

¹Ì¸®º¸±â

ÀÌ ¸Þ´º¾óÀº GNU ¾î¼Àºí·¯ÀÎ asÀÇ »ç¿ëÀÚ °¡À̵åÀÌ´Ù.

as¸¦ ¾î¶»°Ô ºÎ¸£´ÂÁö ¿©±â¿¡ °£´ÜÇÑ ¿ä¾àÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ´õ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¾Ë·Á¸é see section ¸í·ÉÇà.

as [ -a[dhlns][=file] ] [ -D ]  [ --defsym sym=val ]
 [ -f ] [ --help ] [ -I dir ] [ -J ] [ -K ] [ -L ]
 [ -o objfile ] [ -R ] [ --statistics ] [ -v ] [ -version ]
 [ --version ] [ -W ] [ -w ] [ -x ] [ -Z ]
 [ -Av6 | -Av7 | -Av8 | -Asparclite | -Av9 | -Av9a ]
 [ -xarch=v8plus | -xarch=v8plusa ] [ -bump ]
 [ -ACA | -ACA_A | -ACB | -ACC | -AKA | -AKB | -AKC | -AMC ]
 [ -b ] [ -no-relax ]
 [ -l ] [ -m68000 | -m68010 | -m68020 | ... ]
 [ -nocpp ] [ -EL ] [ -EB ] [ -G num ] [ -mcpu=CPU ]
 [ -mips1 ] [ -mips2 ] [ -mips3 ] [ -m4650 ] [ -no-m4650 ]
 [ --trap ] [ --break ]
 [ --emulation=name ]
 [ -- | files ... ]
-a[dhlns]
¸®½ºÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀ» ´Ù¾çÇÑ Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.
-ad
µð¹ö±ë ÀÇ»çÀÛµ¿ÀÚÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ» Á¦ÇÑÇϸç,
-ah
ÇÏÀÌ·¹º§ ¼Ò½º¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.
-al
¸®½ºÆ®¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.
-an
¸®½ºÆ®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çü½ÄÈ­ 󸮸¦ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
-as
½Éº¼À» Ãß°¡ÇÑ´Ù.
=file
¸®½ºÆ®ÀÇ ÆÄÀÏÀ̸§À» °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿É¼ÇÀº Á¶ÇÕµÉ ¼ö Àִµ¥ `-aln'°ú °°ÀÌ »ç¿ëÇϸé Çü½ÄÈ­ 󸮸¦ ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ¾î¼Àºí¸® ¸®½ºÆ®¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù. `=file' ¿É¼ÇÀº (»ç¿ëµÈ´Ù¸é) ¸Ç ¸¶Áö¸·¿¡ ³õ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. `-a'´Â ±âº»À¸·Î `-ahls'¿Í °°´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¸®½ºÆ®¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ ¸ðµç °ÍµéÀ» Äѵδ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
-D
ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀº ´Ù¸¥ ¾î¼Àºí·¯µéÀ» È£ÃâÇÏ´Â µ¥ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ® ȣȯ¼ºÀ» À§Çؼ­ Çã¿ëµÈ´Ù. as¿¡´Â ¾Æ¹«·± ¿µÇâµµ ¹ÌÄ¡Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
-defsym sym=value
ÀÔ·Â ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¾î¼ÀºíÇϱâ Àü¿¡ sym ½Éº¼À» vlaue·Î Á¤ÀÇÇÑ´Ù. value´Â Á¤¼ö »ó¼ö¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. C¿¡¼­´Â, `0x'°¡ ¾Õ¿¡ ¿À¸é 16Áø¼ö¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»°í, `0'ÀÌ ¾Õ¿¡ ¿À¸é 8Áø¼ö¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
-f
"fast"---Àü󸮸¦ »ý·«ÇÑ´Ù.(¼Ò½º°¡ ÄÄÆÄÀÏ·¯°¡ Ãâ·ÂÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó°í °¡Á¤ÇÑ´Ù).
--help
¸í·ÉÇà ¿É¼ÇÀÇ ¿ä¾àÀ» Ãâ·ÂÇÏ°í Á¾·áÇÑ´Ù.
-I dir
.include Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ À§ÇØ °Ë»öÇÒ path¿¡ dir µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ Ãß°¡ÇÑ´Ù.
-J
signed overflow¿¡ ´ëÇØ °æ°íÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
-K
Àå°Å¸® À§Ä¡À̵¿¿¡¼­ ´Ù¸¥ Å×À̺íÀÌ º¯°æµÈ´Ù¸é °æ°í¸¦ ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù.
-L
½Éº¼Å×ÀÌºí¿¡ `L'·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â Áö¿ª ½Éº¼À» Ãß°¡ÇÑ´Ù.
-o objfile
as°¡ Ãâ·ÂÇÒ ¸ñÀû ÆÄÀÏÀ̸§À» objfile·Î ÇÑ´Ù.
-R
data ¼½¼ÇÀ» text ¼½¼ÇÀ¸·Î À§Ä¡ ½ÃŲ´Ù.
--statistics
Print the maximum space (in bytes) and total time (in seconds) used by assembly.
-v
-version
as ¹öÁ¯À» ¾Ë·ÁÁØ´Ù.
--version
as ¹öÁ¯À» ¾Ë·ÁÁÖ°í Á¾·áÇÑ´Ù.
-W
°æ°í ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
-w
Ignored.
-x
Ignored.
-Z
Generate an object file even after errors.
-- | files ...
Ç¥ÁØÀÔ·ÂÀ̳ª ¾î¼ÀºíÇÒ ¼Ò½ºÆÄÀÏ

The following options are available when as is configured for the Intel 80960 processor.

-ACA | -ACA_A | -ACB | -ACC | -AKA | -AKB | -AKC | -AMC
Specify which variant of the 960 architecture is the target.
-b
Add code to collect statistics about branches taken.
-no-relax
Do not alter compare-and-branch instructions for long displacements; error if necessary.

The following options are available when as is configured for the Motorola 68000 series.

-l
Shorten references to undefined symbols, to one word instead of two.
-m68000 | -m68008 | -m68010 | -m68020 | -m68030 | -m68040
| -m68302 | -m68331 | -m68332 | -m68333 | -m68340 | -mcpu32
Specify what processor in the 68000 family is the target. The default is normally the 68020, but this can be changed at configuration time.
-m68881 | -m68882 | -mno-68881 | -mno-68882
The target machine does (or does not) have a floating-point coprocessor. The default is to assume a coprocessor for 68020, 68030, and cpu32. Although the basic 68000 is not compatible with the 68881, a combination of the two can be specified, since it's possible to do emulation of the coprocessor instructions with the main processor.
-m68851 | -mno-68851
The target machine does (or does not) have a memory-management unit coprocessor. The default is to assume an MMU for 68020 and up.

The following options are available when as is configured for the SPARC architecture:

-Av6 | -Av7 | -Av8 | -Asparclite | -Av9 | -Av9a
Explicitly select a variant of the SPARC architecture.
-xarch=v8plus | -xarch=v8plusa
For compatibility with the Solaris v9 assembler. These options are equivalent to -Av9 and -Av9a, respectively.
-bump
Warn when the assembler switches to another architecture.

The following options are available when as is configured for a MIPS processor.

-G num
This option sets the largest size of an object that can be referenced implicitly with the gp register. It is only accepted for targets that use ECOFF format, such as a DECstation running Ultrix. The default value is 8.
-EB
Generate "big endian" format output.
-EL
Generate "little endian" format output.
-mips1
-mips2
-mips3
Generate code for a particular MIPS Instruction Set Architecture level. `-mips1' corresponds to the R2000 and R3000 processors, `-mips2' to the R6000 processor, and `-mips3' to the R4000 processor.
-m4650
-no-m4650
Generate code for the MIPS R4650 chip. This tells the assembler to accept the `mad' and `madu' instruction, and to not schedule `nop' instructions around accesses to the `HI' and `LO' registers. `-no-m4650' turns off this option.
-mcpu=CPU
Generate code for a particular MIPS cpu. This has little effect on the assembler, but it is passed by gcc.
--emulation=name
This option causes as to emulated as configured for some other target, in all respects, including output format (choosing between ELF and ECOFF only), handling of pseudo-opcodes which may generate debugging information or store symbol table information, and default endianness. The available configuration names are: `mipsecoff', `mipself', `mipslecoff', `mipsbecoff', `mipslelf', `mipsbelf'. The first two do not alter the default endianness from that of the primary target for which the assembler was configured; the others change the default to little- or big-endian as indicated by the `b' or `l' in the name. Using `-EB' or `-EL' will override the endianness selection in any case. This option is currently supported only when the primary target as is configured for is a MIPS ELF or ECOFF target. Furthermore, the primary target or others specified with `--enable-targets=...' at configuration time must include support for the other format, if both are to be available. For example, the Irix 5 configuration includes support for both. Eventually, this option will support more configurations, with more fine-grained control over the assembler's behavior, and will be supported for more processors.
-nocpp
as ignores this option. It is accepted for compatibility with the native tools.
--trap
--no-trap
--break
--no-break
Control how to deal with multiplication overflow and division by zero. `--trap' or `--no-break' (which are synonyms) take a trap exception (and only work for Instruction Set Architecture level 2 and higher); `--break' or `--no-trap' (also synonyms, and the default) take a break exception.

¸Þ´º¾óÀÇ ±¸Á¶

ÀÌ ¸Þ´º¾óÀº GNU as¸¦ ¾î¶»°Ô »ç¿ëÇϴ°¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀÌ ¾Ë°í ½Í¾î ÇÏ´Â °ÍµéÀ» ¼³¸íÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°÷¿¡´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¼Ò½ºÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ ³ª¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ½Éº¼, »ó¼ö, Ç¥ÇöµîÀÇ Ç¥±â¹ýÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â ¼Ò½ºÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¹®¹ýÀ» ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í as°¡ ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Áö½ÃÀÚµé°ú as¸¦ ¾î¶»°Ô ºÒ·¯³¾ °ÍÀÎÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °Íµµ Æ÷ÇÔ µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.

ÀÌ ¸Þ´º¾óÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ¾î¼Àºí·¯ÀÇ °¢¾ç°¢»öÀÇ ±â°è¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÀûÀΠƯ¡µé¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­µµ ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù.

´Ù¸£°Ô ¸»Çϸé, ÀÌ ¸Þ´º¾óÀº ¾î¼Àºí¸® ¾ð¾î¿¡¼­ ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹ÖÀ» À§ÇÑ ¸í·É¾îµé À» Á¦°øÇÏÁö´Â ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù---ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¹üÁÖ¿¡¼­ Ȧ·Î ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹ÖÀ» Ç϶ó! ¸¶Âù °¡ÁöÀǹ̷Î, ±â°è±¸Á¶¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ µµÀÔ´Ü°èµµ ¼³¸íÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×¸®°í Ưº°ÇÑ ±¸Á¶¿¡¸¸ ÇØ´çµÇ´Â ¸í·É¾îµé°ú, Ç¥ÁØ ´Ï¸ð´Ðµé, ·¹Áö½ºÅÍ ¶Ç´Â ¾îµå·¹½Ì ¸ðµåµµ ¼³¸íÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °Íµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´õ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ½Í´Ù¸é ÇØ´ç Á¦Àۻ翡¼­ ¸¸µç ±â°è ±¸Á¶ ¸Þ´º¾óÀ» º¸±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.

as, the GNU Assembler

GNU as´Â ¾î¼Àºí·¯ÀÇ ÀÏÁ¾ÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀÌ GNU ¾î¼Àºí·¯¸¦ ÇϳªÀÇ ¾ÆÅ° ÅØÃÄ¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëÇغ¸¾Ò°Å³ª »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ°í, ±×°ÍÀ» ´Ù¸¥ ¾ÆÅ°ÅØÃÄ¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëÇÏ ·Á°í ÇÑ´Ù¸é ¾ÆÁÖ À¯»çÇÑ È¯°æÀ» ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °¢°¢ÀÇ ¹öÁ¯Àº ´Ù¸¥ ¹öÁ¯µé°ú ¸ñÀû ÆÄÀÏ Æ÷¸ä, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¾î¼Àºí·¯ Áö½ÃÀÚ (Á¾Á¾ ÀÇ»ç ÀÛµ¿ÀÚ(pseudo-ops)¶ó°í ºÒ¸®±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù)¿Í ¾î¼Àºí·¯ ¹®¹ýÀûÀÎ ¸é ¿¡¼­ ¸¹Àº °øÅëÁ¡À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù.

as´Â óÀ½¿¡ GNU C ÄÄÆÄÀÏ·¯ÀÎ gccÀÇ Ãâ·Â¹°À» ¾î¼ÀºíÇϱâ À§ÇØ °í¾ÈµÇ¾ú°í, ÀÌ ¾î¼ÀºíµÈ °ÍÀº ¸µÄ¿ ld°¡ »ç¿ëÇϵµ·Ï ÇÒ ÀÛÁ¤À̾ú´Ù. ±×·³¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í, ¿ì¸®µéÀº °°Àº ±â°è»óÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ¾î¼Àºí·¯°¡ ¾î¼Àºí ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç °ÍµéÀ» Á¤È® ÇÏ°Ô ¾î¼Àºí ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô as¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î ¿Ô´Ù.

¸¹Àº ¿¹¿Üµéµµ ¹®¼­È­ÇÏ¿´´Ù (see section ±â°è¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ´Â °Íµé). ÀÌ°ÍÀº °°Àº ¾ÆÅ°ÅØÃÄ»óÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ¾î¼Àºí·¯¿¡°Ô µµ Ç×»ó ²À°°Àº ¹®¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é, ¿ì¸® µéÀº 680x0 ¹öÁ¯ÀÇ ¾î¼Àºí¸® ¾ð¾î ¹®¹ý¿¡¼­ ¸î°³ÀÇ È£È¯µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ¹öÁ¯À» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù.

¿À·¡µÈ ±¸´Ú´Ù¸® ¾î¼Àºí·¯µé°ú´Â ´Ù¸£°Ô, as´Â ¼Ò½ºÆÄÀÏÀ» 1-pass ¹æ½Ä¿¡ ÀÇ ÇØ ¾î¼ÀºíÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº .org Áö½ÃÀÚ¿¡¼­ ¹Ì¹¦ÇÏ°Ô Ãæµ¹ÇÑ´Ù(see section .org new-lc , fill).

¸ñÀû ÆÄÀÏÀÇ Æ÷¸Ë

GNU ¾î¼Àºí·¯´Â ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¸ñÀû ÆÄÀÏ Æ÷¸ËÀ» »ý¼ºÇϵµ·Ï ¼³Á¤À» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¾î¼Àºí¸® ¾ð¾î·Î ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» Â¥´Â ¹æ ¹ý¿¡´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×·¯³ª µð¹ö±ë ½Éº¼À» À§ÇÑ Áö½ÃÀÚ´Â ´Ù ¸¥ ÆÄÀÏ Æ÷¸Ë¿¡¼­´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ´Þ¶óÁø´Ù. See section ½Éº¼ÀÇ ¼Ó¼º.

On the machine specific, as can be configured to produce either a.out or COFF format object files. On the machine specific, as can be configured to produce either b.out or COFF format object files. On the machine specific, as can be configured to produce either SOM or ELF format object files.

¸í·ÉÇà

¸í·ÉÇà¿¡¼­ asÀÇ À̸§À» ÀûÀº ´ÙÀ½, ¿É¼Çµé°ú ÆÄÀÏÀ̸§À» Æ÷ÇÔ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿É¼ÇÀº Ưº°ÇÑ ¼ø¼­¾øÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ÆÄÀÏÀ̸§Àº ¿É¼ÇÀÇ ¾Õ,µÚ, Áß°£ ¾îµð¿¡ ³õ¿©Áú °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÆÄÀÏÀ̸§ÀÇ ¼ø¼­´Â Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù.

`--' (µÎ°³ÀÇ `-')Àº Ç¥ÁØÀÔ·Â ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¸í½ÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ°í, as´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ÆÄÀÏ·Î °£ÁÖÇÏ°í ¾î¼Àºí ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

`--'¸¸ Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í´Â ¾î¶² ¸í·ÉÇà ÀÎÀÚµçÁö `-'·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¿É¼ÇÀÌ´Ù. °¢ °¢ÀÇ ¿É¼ÇÀº asÀÇ ÇൿÀ» º¯È­½ÃŲ´Ù. ÇϳªÀÇ ¿É¼ÇÀº ¶Ç´Ù¸¥ ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» º¯È­½ÃÅ°Áö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ¿É¼ÇÀº `-' ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ÇϳªÀÌ»óÀÇ ±ÛÀÚ°¡ µû¶ó¿Â´Ù. ¾î ¶² ±ÛÀÚÀΰ¡°¡ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. ¸ðµç ¿É¼ÇÀº ¼±ÅÃÀûÀÌ´Ù.

¾î¶² ¿É¼Ç ´ÙÀ½¿¡´Â Á¤È®È÷ ÇϳªÀÇ ÆÄÀÏÀ̸§ ¸¸ÀÌ µÚµû¶ó ¿Í¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±× ÆÄÀÏ À̸§Àº ¾Æ¸¶µµ ±× ¿É¼ÇÀÇ Æ¯Á¤±ÛÀÚ ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¹Ù·Î µû¶ó¿Â´Ù(±¸´Ú´Ù¸® ¾î¼Àºí·¯µé°ú ÀÇ È£È¯¼ºÀ» À§Çؼ­)°Å³ª ÆÄÀÏÀ̸§ÀÌ ´ÙÀ½ ¸í·ÉÇà ÀÎÀÚ(GNU Ç¥ÁØ)·Î µû¶ó¿Ã °Í ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ µÎ°³ÀÇ ÇüÅ´ °°´Ù:

as -o my-object-file.o mumble.s
as -omy-object-file.o mumble.s

ÀÔ·Â ÆÄÀϵé

¿©±â¼­´Â ¼Ò½º ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À̶ó´Â ¸»À» ÁÙ¿©¼­, ¼Ò½º¶ó°í »ç¿ëÇÏ°Ú´Ù. ¼Ò½º ´Â as°¡ Çѹø ½ÇÇàµÇ¾î¼­ ó¸®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ ÀÔ·ÂÀ» À̾߱âÇÑ´Ù. ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ Àº Çϳª ÀÌ»óÀÇ ÆÄÀÏÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â µ¥, ÆÄÀÏ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ¼Ò½º°¡ ¾ó¸¶³ª ´ÜÆíÈ­µÇ ¾î ÀÖ´Â³Ä ÇÏ´Â ¹®Á¦´Â ¼Ò½ºÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ Åð»ö½ÃÅ°Áö´Â ¸øÇÑ´Ù.

¼Ò½º ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº ¸ðµç ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ ¾î¶² ƯÁ¤ ¼ø¼­´ë·Î Á¤¸®µÈ ÅؽºÆ®ÀÇ ¿¬¼ÓÀÌ´Ù.

¸Å¹ø ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀº Á¤È®È÷ ÇϳªÀÇ ¼Ò½º ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ¾î¼ÀºíÇϱâ À§ÇØ as¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÑ ´Ù. ¼Ò½º ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº ÇϳªÀÌ»óÀÇ ÆÄÀÏ·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. (Ç¥ÁØÀԷµµ ÇϳªÀÇ ÆÄÀÏÀÌ´Ù.)

¿©·¯ºÐµéÀº as¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÒ ¶§ ¸í·ÉÇà¿¡¼­ 0°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ÀÔ·Â ÆÄÀÏÀ̸§À» ÁöÁ¤ÇÒ °Í ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÔ·ÂÆÄÀÏÀº ¿ÞÂÊ¿¡¼­ ¿À¸¥ÂÊÀ¸·Î Àд´Ù. ¿É¼ÇÀ̳ª ´Ù¸¥ Ưº°ÇÑ Àǹ̸¦ Áö´ÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¸í·ÉÇà ÀÎÀÚ´Â ÀÔ·ÂÆÄÀÏ À̸§À¸·Î °£ÁֵȴÙ.

as´Â ÆÄÀÏÀ̸§À» ÁöÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é º¸Åë ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Å͹̳ÎÀΠǥÁØÀÔ·ÂÀ¸·Î ºÎÅÍ Àб⸦ ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù. ¾²³ÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ ¾ø´Ù¸é ctl-D¸¦ ÀÔ·ÂÇÏ¿© as¿¡°Ô ´õ ÀÌ»ó ¾î¼Àºí ÇÒ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¸®¸é µÈ´Ù.

¸í·ÉÇà¿¡¼­ Ç¥ÁØÀÔ·ÂÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù¸é `--'À» »ç¿ëÇ϶ó.

¼Ò½º°¡ ÅÖºñ¾î ÀÖ´Ù¸é, as´Â Á¶±×¸¶ÇÑ ÅÖºó ¸ñÀû ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¸¸µé °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

ÆÄÀÏÀ̸§°ú ÁÙ¹øÈ£(line-numbers)

ÀÔ·ÂÆÄÀÏÀ̳ª º¸Åë ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ ÁÙÀ» ¸Å±â´Â °ÍÀº µÎ°¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÀÖ´Â µ¥, ¾çÂÊ´Ù ¿¡·¯¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÏ´Â µ¥ »ç¿ëµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Çϳª´Â ¹°¸®ÀûÀÎ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ ÁÙ¹øÈ£¸¦ ÂüÁ¶ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ°í ´Ù¸¥ Çϳª´Â "³í¸®ÀûÀÎ"ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ÁÙ¹øÈ£¸¦ ÂüÁ¶ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. See section ¿¡·¯¿Í °æ°í ¸Þ¼¼Áö.

¹°¸®ÀûÀÎ ÆÄÀÏÀ̶õ ¸í·ÉÇà¿¡¼­ as¿¡°Ô ÁÖ¾îÁø ÆÄÀÏÀ̸§À» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.

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